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Research and implementation of indoor positioning algorithm based on DOA and TDOA
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research-and-implementation-of-indoor-positioning-algorithm-based-on-doa-and-tdoa
本论文就如何利用阵列天线的信号到达角度(DOA)和超宽带信号的到达时间差(TDOA)来提高室内定位精度的问题进行研究。
在智慧城市建设和物联网技术快速发展的今天,室内定位技术扮演着重要角色。成功组网的北斗导航定位系统(BDS)和全球定位系统(GPS)等已被广泛应用于军用与民用的室外导航领域。然而,当卫星导航信号进入室内场景时,由于信号会受空间环境的影响而产生衍射、反射等信号干扰现象,形成多径和非视距传输现象,致使定位误差增大,造成定位不准或无法定位的结果,因此该信号并不完全适用于室内场景的定位需求。为了克服该难题,需要提出新的室内定位技术进行补充与发展,于是近年来出现了基于蓝牙、WiFi(无线局域网)或ZigBee 等近十多种定位技术,这些定位技术也各有优缺点,缺点主要表现在:定位精度不高、信号传播距离不远、透射能力不强、功耗高或者稳定度不好等。基于上述背景,本论文就如何利用阵列天线的信号到达角度(DOA)和超宽带信号的到达时间差(TDOA)来提高室内定位精度的问题进行研究,主要研究内容包括:1、信号到达角度估计算法与信号到达时间差算法研究(1)首先本文针对现有的复杂室内环境中信号到达角度估计算法精度不足的问题,尝试采用一种低维度的旋转不变子空间估计算法进行研究。由于丰富的阵列天线资源带来高定位精度的同时也带来了较高的计算复杂度,本文采用的算法是:首先在不同方向上对接收信号进行叠加和降维,之后通过求解互协方差矩阵得到特征值以及对应的特征向量,最后通过构造波达方向矩阵以及特征值求解的方法求出每一个接收信号的二维到达角。实验结果验证了该算法的估计精度的均方误差比常规的旋转不变子空间算法有所改善,且提高了接收信息的利用率。(2)为了进一步提高室内定位的可靠性和准确性,针对基于超宽带(UWB)技术的室内定位场景对基于信号到达时间差(TDOA)的室内定位算法进行研究。该方法首先通过Chan算法对接收的信号进行测算求解目标的二维位置,将获得位置估计作为Taylor 的初始值进行迭代运算最后使用无迹卡尔曼算法(UKF)来对结果进行修正,消除非视距传输误差和环境噪声对定位算法的影响。实验结果表明,该组合算法的定位精度达到10-20 厘米。2、基于TDOA 定位算法的室内定位系统的设计与实现在理论研究的基础上,针对基于超宽带(UWB)信号的室内定位系统进行设计。系统硬件包括基站节点、时钟同步节点和待测标签节点,系统上位机软件包括后台和前端界面,硬件由STM32 主控芯片、DWM1000 超宽带通信电路、电源电路等组成。上位机后台完成数据解析、定位测算等功能,前端完成基站位置显示和目标位置二维显示。在室内环境搭建测试平台,通过系统的测试结果表明,定位精度能够达到20 厘米左右。
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基于DOA与TDOA的室内定位算法研究及实现_武燕.pdf
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室内定位, 阵列天线, 信号到达角估计, 信号到达时间差, 超宽带
Research and implementation of indoor positioning
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